ARIA (Accessible Rich Internet Applications) is a technical specification from the W3C that makes complex and dynamic web applications available to assistive devices such as screen readers. ARIA works by adding extra semantic information to HTML elements via attributes such as aria-label, aria-describedby, and role. This is especially important for modern web applications that use a lot of JavaScript and dynamic content that is not naturally available. ARIA labels can describe what elements do, what state they have, and how they relate to other elements on the page. Common ARIA techniques include landmarks for navigation, live regions for dynamic updates, and descriptions of complex widgets such as calendars or tabs. Proper implementation of ARIA requires an understanding of how screen readers work and regular testing with real assistive devices. ARIA adheres to the principle that it should improve accessibility without affecting visual design or functionality for other users.
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